State v. Cleaton

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NOT DESIGNATED FOR PUBLICATION

No. 113,885


IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF KANSAS

STATE OF KANSAS,
Appellee,

v.

TERRY B. CLEATON,
Appellant.


MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appeal from Sedgwick District Court; BRUCE C. BROWN, judge. Opinion filed February 2, 2018.
Affirmed in part and reversed in part.

Joanna Labastida, of Kansas Appellate Defender Office, for appellant.

Julie A. Koon, assistant district attorney, Marc Bennett, district attorney, and Derek Schmidt,
attorney general, for appellee.

Before LEBEN, P.J., HILL, J., and WALKER, S.J.

PER CURIAM: Terry B. Cleaton contends there is insufficient evidence to convict
him of driving under the influence of alcohol and the law making it a crime to refuse to
submit to a breath test is unconstitutional. He is wrong about the evidence but he is
correct about the law. Accordingly, we affirm his conviction for driving under the
influence and reverse his conviction for refusing to submit to a breath test.



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This was submitted to the court upon agreed facts.

The stipulated facts are in the record and need not be repeated here, as the parties
are bound by their submission to the court. Highly summarized, the facts show that on
December 21, 2013, while Cleaton was driving his van near the intersection of Central
and Hillside in Wichita, a Wichita police officer saw Cleaton's van crash into a dark
colored SUV. The SUV stopped, but Cleaton did not. The officer pursued Cleaton.

Down the road, the officer eventually stopped Cleaton. At that point, Cleaton told
him that he did not have a valid driving license and he was not paying attention before
the crash because he was on the phone. The officer smelled alcohol coming from Cleaton
and noticed that his eyes were bloodshot and watery.

Two other police officers came to assist. The first officer smelled alcohol coming
from Cleaton, so he asked him to step out of the van. The officer also noticed Cleaton's
bloodshot and watery eyes. Cleaton admitted having a few drinks. While conversing with
the officer, Cleaton's speech was slurred and he kept repeating what the officer was
saying. The officer noted that Cleaton was having trouble with routine movements and
was unsteady while standing. Cleaton submitted to field sobriety tests. He failed both.

The arresting officer advised Cleaton of his rights through a DC-70 implied
consent advisory. He then asked Cleaton to submit to an evidentiary breath test. Cleaton
refused.

The State charged Cleaton with driving under the influence of alcohol, alleging
that he was incapable of safely operating a motor vehicle under K.S.A. 2013 Supp. 8-
1567(a)(3) and refusing to submit to a test to determine the presence of drugs or alcohol
under K.S.A. 2013 Supp. 8-1025(a)(2). Cleaton waived his right to a jury trial and
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submitted the case to the district court on stipulated facts. The district court found
Cleaton guilty of both charges.

The district court sentenced Cleaton to 12 months in custody followed by 12
months' supervision and a $2,500 fine for the driving under the influence conviction and
12 months in custody and a $2,500 fine for the refusal to submit to a test. The sentences
are consecutive. The court ordered Cleaton to serve 72 hours in jail followed by six
months of work release.

To us, Cleaton argues there was not sufficient evidence to convict him of driving
under the influence. For such claims, we review the evidence in a light most favorable to
the State to see whether a rational fact-finder could have found the defendant guilty
beyond a reasonable doubt. See State v. Rosa, 304 Kan. 429, 432-33, 371 P.3d 915
(2016). During our review, we will not reweigh the evidence, nor will we judge the
credibility of witnesses. State v. Hall, 292 Kan. 841, 859, 257 P.3d 272 (2011). Also,
when a case was decided on stipulated facts, as it was here, the appellate court exercises
de novo review over sufficiency of the evidence claims. State v. Dull, 298 Kan. 832, 840,
317 P.3d 104 (2014).

There is sufficient evidence proving driving under the influence.

The State's burden was clear. Essentially, the State had to prove that Cleaton was
driving his van and he was under the influence of alcohol to the extent that he was not
capable of safely driving the van.

First, the facts clearly show that Cleaton was operating his van. After all, the
police stopped Cleaton's van after the accident and Cleaton was in the driver's seat.

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Second, the facts also support a conclusion that Cleaton was under the influence of
alcohol. Two officers stated that they smelled alcohol coming from Cleaton and he had
bloodshot and watery eyes. Cleaton was unsteady on his feet and failed the field sobriety
tests. Additionally, Cleaton admitted that he had consumed alcohol prior to driving.
These facts are sufficient to conclude that Cleaton was under the influence of alcohol.
See State v. Anderson, 33 Kan. App. 2d 607, 610-11, 106 P.3d 89 (2005).

Third, the facts also show that Cleaton was under the influence of alcohol to the
extent that he was incapable of safely operating a vehicle. The details of the accident are
pertinent to this point. Prior to the crash, Cleaton was heading north on Hillside and
waiting to make a left turn to proceed west on Central. The SUV was headed south on
Hillside. While inspecting Cleaton's van, the arresting officer noted that the driver's-side
headlamp appeared to be broken and there was a paint transfer on the bumper. Based
upon the relative location of the vehicles and the damage that Cleaton's van sustained, it
is fair to conclude that the collision occurred while Cleaton was turning his van. In other
words, his van struck the SUV. From this demonstration of impaired motor skills—
improper turning—it is a fair inference that Cleaton was incapable of safely operating a
vehicle due to alcohol.

Ultimately, each element of K.S.A. 2013 Supp. 8-1567(a)(3) is supported by the
facts. Thus, there is no error in convicting Cleaton for driving under the influence.

Cleaton's conviction for refusing the breath test must be reversed.

In State v. Ryce, 303 Kan. 899, 368 P.3d 342 (2016), aff'd on rehearing 306 Kan.
682, 396 P.3d 711 (2017), our Supreme Court ruled that K.S.A. 2014 Supp. 8-1025
violated the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution and
was facially unconstitutional. We are duty bound to follow Kansas Supreme Court
precedent, unless there is some indication the Supreme Court is departing from that
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precedent. State v. Ottinger, 46 Kan. App. 2d 647, 655, 264 P.3d 1027 (2011), rev.
denied 294 Kan. 946 (2012). Neither party shows us any such indication nor do we find
any sign that the Supreme Court is departing from its holding in Ryce. Therefore, K.S.A.
2013 Supp. 8-1025 is unconstitutional, and Cleaton's conviction for refusal to submit to a
breath test must be reversed.

We affirm Cleaton's conviction for driving under the influence. We reverse his
conviction for refusing the breath test.